MongoDB Data Types Explained


MongoDB Data Types Explained

Introduction

MongoDB is a NoSQL database that stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents. These documents use a format called BSON (Binary JSON), which supports a wide variety of data types. Understanding MongoDB's data types is essential for effective data modeling and querying. In this blog, we will explore all the data types supported by MongoDB.

Explanation

1. String
Used to store text.
BSON Type Number: 2
Eg.
2. Integer
Stores whole numbers. 
MongoDB supports 32-bit (int) and 64-bit (long) integers.
BSON Type Numbers: 16 (int32), 18 (int64)
Eg.
3. Double
Stores floating-point numbers.
BSON Type Number: 1
Eg.
    const { Double } = require('mongodb');

    db.collectionName.insertOne({
      "value": new Double(123.45)
    });
4. Decimal128
High-precision decimal, useful for financial calculations.
BSON Type Number: 19
Eg.

5. Boolean
Stores true or false.
BSON Type Number: 8
Eg.
6. Date
Stores date and time in UTC.
BSON Type Number: 9
Eg.
7.ObjectID

Unique ID for each document, 12-byte hexadecimal string.

BSON Type Number: 7

Eg.
8. Array
Stores a list of values.
BSON Type Number: 4
Eg.

9.Object
Used to store embedded documents (key-value pairs).
BSON Type Number: 3
Eg.
10.Null
Represents a null or missing value.
BSON Type Number: 10
Eg.

Future Scope 

        New native data types (e.g., GeoJSON, Decimal128)

        AI/ML support (vector, image/audio metadata)

  •  Improved time-series data handling

  •  Advanced schema validation

  •  Better cross-platform compatibility (APIs, GraphQL)

  •  Cloud-optimized types (Atlas, sharding)

  •  Industry adoption (healthcare, e-commerce, banking)

  •  Enhanced binary/encrypted type handling

  •  Support for custom/user-defined data type

  •  Better SDK & tool integration for developers

Conclusion

MongoDB offers a rich set of data types through BSON to handle various kinds of data efficiently. Knowing the available data types helps in designing flexible and optimized database schemas. Use types like Decimal128 for precision, ObjectId for unique IDs, and Date for time-related data.

Tip: Use the right data type for the right data to improve performance and ensure accurate queries.

Happy Coding!




SANKET BADE

University: Sri Balaji University, Pune

School: School of Computer Studies

Course: BCA (Bachelor of Computer Applications)

Interests: NoSQL, MongoDB, and related technologies

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